Diagnosis
Incompetence and mistrust
Accretion onto a simple base
Inadequate feedback along
long chains; sequential flows
Parallel organizations
Arbitrary fragmentation of a
natural function
Systems slack to cope with
uncertainty
Multiple sources, poor data
capture, data updates are
uneven
Solution
Put support and control
into the process
Multiple process versions
Tight communications for
coherence
Front-end integration
Cross-functional integration
Put support and control
into the process
Revise systems, put entry
and control at front end
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